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1
Combine sugar and water in a small saucepan.
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2
Split vanilla bean with a sharp small knife and scrape seeds into sugar mixture.
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3
Add pod and bring to a boil, stirring until sugar is dissolved.
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4
Simmer 1 minute, then remove from heat and stir in orange juice.
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5
Pulse almonds with 2 tablespoons sugar in a food processor until finely ground.
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6
Add almond paste and pulse until finely chopped.
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7
Beat together butter, remaining 2 tablespoons sugar, almond mixture, and a pinch of salt with an electric mixer at medium speed until fluffy, 2 to 3 minutes.
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8
Whisk together egg, rum, and extract in a small bowl and gradually add to almond cream, beating until combined well.
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9
Chill, covered, until set, about 1 hour.
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10
Preheat oven to 350F.
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11
Cut croissants in half horizontally.
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12
Brush insides of croissants (both top and bottom halves) with some orange syrup.
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13
Spread 2 tablespoons almond cream on each bottom half, mounding in centers, and cover with tops.
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14
Spread 1 tablespoon almond cream on each top.
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15
Transfer croissants to a parchment-lined baking sheet and sprinkle about 2 tablespoons toasted almonds on each.
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16
Bake croissants in middle of oven until golden brown, 20 to 25 minutes.
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17
Cool slightly, then dust with confectioners sugar.