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To make the gratin topping: In a small mixing bowl, combine the breadcrumbs, butter, parsley, lemon zest, gruyere, and salt and pepper to taste.
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Toss lightly, set aside.
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Sprouts: Pre-heat the oven to 200C Make a pouch with a sheet of aluminium foil that has been folded in half.
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Place the garlic and 2 tablespoons of olive oil into the pouch and fold the sides over to seal.
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Roast in the oven for 15 minutes.
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Remove and let cool.
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Press the garlic from the peels and set the garlic flesh aside.
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In a medium bowl, toss the sprouts with remaining olive oil, 1 teaspoon of salt, and a quarter teaspoon of black pepper.
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Place the sprouts in a baking tray that can hold them in a single layer.
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Roast in a 200C oven until browned and they can be pierced by a fork with a little resistance, about 10 minutes.
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Set aside.
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Heat a frying pan over medium heat.
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Add the shallots and bacon, stirring frequently until the bacon is rendered and the shallots begin to caramelise, about 4 minutes.
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Add the roasted garlic flesh and remaining lemon zest.
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Deglaze the pan with the lemon juice.
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Stir and remove from heat.
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Toss this mixture with the brussels sprouts.
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To make the mornay sauce: In a large saucepan, melt the butter.
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Add the flour to make a roux and cook until it smells toasted and the colour is a light brown.
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Add the thyme and cream, stirring vigorously to avoid lumps.
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Heat to a simmer, stirring continuously, about 2 minutes.
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Remove from the heat and pour the sauce through a strainer, removing the thyme.
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Return the sauce to the saucepan and add the gruyere and parmesan.
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Stir until the cheese has melted.
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Season with half a teaspoon of salt and a dash of freshly ground black pepper.
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Pile the sprouts into either a single gratin dish, or several small dishes.
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Pour the mornay sauce over the sprouts and sprinkle the breadcrumb mixture over the top.
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Cover loosely with a sheet of foil and bake until bubbling, 15 minutes.
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Remove the foil and cook another 5 minutes until the top is nicely browned.
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Remove from the oven and let rest for 10 minutes.
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Serve warm.