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1
Bring a large pot of water to a boil.
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2
Fill a bowl with ice water.
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3
Meanwhile, remove the tough outer leaves of the chicory, and clean the remaining leaves of sand.
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4
When the water comes to a boil, salt generously and add the chicory.
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5
Blanch one minute, then transfer to the ice water with a skimmer or slotted spoon (do not drain the water from the pot).
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6
Drain the chicory, squeeze out water and chop.
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7
Set aside.
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8
Combine the olive oil, garlic and chili pepper in a large, heavy skillet.
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9
Heat over medium heat until the garlic begins to sizzle.
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10
Allow the garlic to sizzle for about a minute, but do not let it color.
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11
Remove the skillet from the heat and set aside.
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12
If using a whole chili pepper, remove it and discard.
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13
Bring the water back to a boil, and add the spaghetti.
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14
Cook al dente following the timing directions on the package.
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15
While the pasta is cooking, return the frying pan to medium heat.
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16
When the garlic begins to sizzle again, add the chicory.
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17
Toss together, season to taste with salt and pepper, and keep warm.
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18
When the spaghetti is cooked al dente, remove 1/2 cup of the pasta water and add it to the pan with the chicory.
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19
Stir together well.
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20
Drain the pasta, and toss with the chicory and garlic.
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21
Serve, topping each serving with a spoonful of Parmesan.