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1
Preheat the oven to 300 degrees F.
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2
Blot the short ribs dry with paper towels (you want to start with dry meat so it will properly brown) and season the short ribs with kosher salt and pepper and the crushed fennel and coriander.
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3
Heat the olive oil in a 5 1/2 quart (or larger) dutch oven or casserole over medium-high heat, and then add the short ribs in a single layer, being careful not to overcrowd the meat. (You may need to brown the meat in a few batches.) Brown the meat on all sides, about 10 minutes. Transfer the browned meat to a plate; set aside. Pour off all but 1 tablespoon of fat from the dutch oven.
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4
Add the onion and pancetta or bacon (if using) and saute over medium heat until the onion is translucent and the bacon is beginning to brown, about 5 minutes. Add the carrot and saute until they begin to brown, another 5 minutes.
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5
Add the red wine vinegar, and stir to deglaze any brown bits. Let reduce for about 1 minute, then add the soy sauce, garlic, tomato sauce, orange juice and meat stock. Bring to a boil, then add the bay leaf and strip of orange zest. Add the short ribs back to the dutch oven (bone-side up).
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6
Wet a sheet of parchment paper, crumple it, and cover the pot, pressing down so that the paper nearly touches the meat and the edges hang over the side. Cover the pot, and transfer it to the oven to braise until the meat is very tender, 3 to 3 1/2 hours. Check after 30 minutes to make sure the liquid isn't simmering too vigorously. If it is, lower the oven temperature 10 or 15 degrees and/or set the lid slightly ajar.
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7
When the meat is done, transfer it to a work surface. Pour the vegetables and braising liquid through a fine strainer into a large bowl, discarding all of the solids. Skim off any visible fat, and return the liquid to the dutch oven (wiped clean). Bring to a boil and reduce to about 2 cups, or until the sauce starts to thicken slightly.
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8
Remove and discard all bones, gristle, and hard pieces of fat from the short ribs.
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9
Cream together the minced anchovies with the butter and orange juice, starting with one teaspoon of orange juice and adding more if needed.
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10
Shortly before serving, stir the olives and anchovy butter into the sauce, and warm over low heat for a few minutes. Adjust to taste with kosher salt and pepper. Spoon sauce over short ribs and serve.
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11
If preparing this dish in advance, complete steps 1 - 8, placing the meat in a tall container and pouring the reduced braising liquid on top. Refrigerate. The following day, lift off the concealed fat and discard. Let the meat come to room temperature. About 1/2 hour before serving, place the meat in an ovenproof dish in a 325 degree F oven with 1 cup of the braising liquid. The short ribs will take about 30 minutes to reheat. Then proceed with steps 9 and 10 - reheating the remaining sauce and stirring in the anchovy butter.
