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1
Preheat oven to 425F.
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2
Roll pastry sheet into a 101/2-inch square on a floured work surface with a floured rolling pin.
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3
Brush off excess flour and cut out a 10-inch round with a sharp knife, using a plate as a guide.
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4
Transfer round to a baking sheet and chill.
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5
Spread butter thickly on bottom and side of skillet and pour sugar evenly over bottom.
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6
Arrange as many apples as will fit vertically on sugar, packing them tightly in concentric circles.
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7
Apples will stick up above rim of skillet.
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8
Cook apples over moderately high heat, undisturbed, until juices are deep golden and bubbling, 18 to 25 minutes.
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9
(Don't worry if juices color unevenly.)
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10
Put skillet in middle of oven over a piece of foil to catch any drips.
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11
Bake 20 minutes (apples will settle slightly), then remove from oven and lay pastry round over apples.
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12
Bake tart until pastry is browned, 20 to 25 minutes.
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13
Transfer skillet to a rack and cool at least 10 minutes.
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14
Just before serving, invert a platter with lip over skillet and, using potholders to hold skillet and plate tightly together, invert tart onto platter.
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15
Replace any apples that stick to skillet.
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16
(Don't worry if there are black spots; they won't affect the flavor of the tart.)
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17
Brush any excess caramel from skillet over apples.
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18
Serve immediately.