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Preheat the oven to 300 degrees.
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Pour 2 cups sugar into the center of a deep saucepan.
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Carefully pour the water around the sugar, trying not to splash any sugar onto the sides of the pan.
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Do not stir; gently draw your finger through the center of the sugar twice, making a cross, to moisten it.
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Over medium-high heat, bring to a boil without stirring.
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Reduce the heat to a fast simmer and cook without stirring until amber-caramel in color, 10 to 20 minutes.
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Immediately remove from the heat.
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Meanwhile, set 6 (1-cup ramekins or shallow coffee cups nearby.
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When the caramel is cooked, quickly pour about 1/4 cup caramel into each ramekin and swirl to coat the sides.
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Set aside to cool.
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In a saucepan, bring the milk and vanilla bean to a boil over medium heat.
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Immediately turn off the heat and set aside to infuse.
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Meanwhile, in a large bowl, whisk together the eggs, additional egg yolks and the remaining 1 cup sugar.
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Whisk about 1/2 cup of the hot milk into the egg mixture.
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Whisk the remaining hot milk into the egg mixture.
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Whisk in the mango puree until smooth.
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Strain the mixture into a pitcher to smooth it and to remove the vanilla bean and mango fibers.
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Pour the mixture into the caramel-lined ramekins and arrange in a hot water bath.
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Bake in the center of the oven until dry and set in the center, 30 to 35 minutes.
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Remove from the water bath and let cool.
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Tightly cover each ramekin with plastic wrap.
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Refrigerate at least 2 hours, or refrigerate until ready to serve, up to 24 hours.
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23
Chocolate Brownie Base: Preheat the oven to 350 degrees.
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Grease a 9 by 13-inch baking pan and line it with parchment or waxed paper, pressing into the corners.
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In a mixer fitted with a paddle attachment (or using a hand mixer), cream the butter until fluffy.
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Mix in the sugar.
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Mix in the eggs and vanilla and mix until light and fluffy.
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Sift together the flour, cocoa powder, baking soda and salt.
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Add to the butter mixture and mix just until combined.
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Mix in the chocolate chips.
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Pour into the prepared pan, smooth the top, and bake until the cake is firm in the center and the surface is dry and shiny, 15 minutes.
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Let cool in the pan.
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Run a knife around the edges of the pan and turn out the whole cake onto a work surface.
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Peel off the waxed paper.
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Using a ramekin as a guide, use a sharp knife to cut out 6 brownie circles the same size as the ramekins.
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To serve, place a brownie circle on each serving plate.
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Turn a flan out on top of the cake (you may need to dip the bottom of each ramekin in hot water to loosen the caramel, and/or run a knife around the edge of the ramekin).
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The caramel will pour out and serve as the sauce, and will also soak into the brownie.