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1
Toss eggplant with 2 teaspoons salt in colander set over a bowl, then let drain 30 minutes. Quickly rinse salt off.
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2
Heat 3 tablespoons oil in a 5-quart heavy pot over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking, then add garlic and dried spices. Saute, stirring, until golden, about 30 seconds. Add crushed tomatoes, 1 teaspoon salt, 1/2 teaspoon pepper, and red pepper flakes and simmer, uncovered, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened, 25 to 30 minutes.
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3
Put oven rack in middle position and preheat oven to 375u00b0F.
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4
Spread 1 cup tomato sauce in bottom of a rectangular 3 1/2-quart (13- by 11- by 2-inch) baking dish. Arrange about one third of eggplant slices in 1 layer over sauce, overlapping slightly if necessary. Cover eggplant with about one third of remaining sauce (about 11/4 cups) sprinkle a thin layer of Parmigiano-Reggiano, one third of mozzarella, and one third basil leaves. Continue layering with remaining eggplant, sauce, basil leaves, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and mozzarella. Sprinkle top with remaining 1/3 cup Parmigiano-Reggiano.
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5
Bake, uncovered, until cheese is melted and golden and sauce is bubbling, 35 to 40 minutes.