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1. To make the caramel praline, spread the 1/2 cup (100 grams) of sugar in an even layer in a medium-sized, unlined heavy duty saucepan - I use a medium size non-stick pan. Line a baking sheet with a silicone baking mat or brush it sparingly with unflavored oil.
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2. Heat the sugar over moderate heat until the edges begin to melt. Use a heatproof utensil to gently stir the liquified sugar from the bottom and edges towards the center, stirring, until all the sugar is dissolved. (Or most of it-there may be some lumps, which will melt later.)
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Continue to cook stirring infrequently until the caramel starts smoking and begins to smell like it's just about to burn. It won't take long. (I stopped when it became a dark auburn color).
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3. Without hesitation, sprinkle in the 3/4 teaspoon salt without stirring (don't even pause to scratch your nose), then pour the caramel onto the prepared baking sheet and lift up the baking sheet immediately, tilting and swirling it almost vertically to encourage the caramel to form as thin a layer as possible. Set aside to harden and cool.
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4. To make the ice cream, make an ice bath by filling a large bowl about a third full with ice cubes and adding a cup or so of water so the cubes are floating. Nest a smaller metal bowl (at least 2 quarts/liters) over the ice, pour 1 cup (250 ml) of the milk into the inner bowl, and rest a mesh strainer on top of it. Remove tofu from container and drain out liquid. Add tofu to a blender with 1/4 cup of milk and blend until completely smooth.
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5. Spread the 1 1/2 cups (300 grams) sugar in the saucepan in an even layer. Cook over moderate heat, until caramelized, using the same method described in Step #2.
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6. Once caramelized, remove from heat and stir in the butter and salt, until butter is melted, then gradually whisk in all of the tofu mixture, stirring as you go.
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The caramel may harden and seize, but return it to the heat and continue to stir over low heat until any hard caramel is melted. Stir in the remaining 3/4 cup (250 ml) of the milk.
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7. Whisk the egg yolks in a small bowl and gradually pour some of the warm caramel mixture over the yolks, stirring constantly. Scrape the warmed yolks back into the saucepan and cook the custard using a heatproof utensil, stirring constantly (scraping the bottom as you stir) until the mixture thickens. If using an instant-read thermometer, it should read 160-170 F (71-77 C).
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8. Pour the custard through the strainer into the milk set over the ice bath, add the vanilla extract, then stir frequently until the mixture is cooled down. Refrigerate the mixture at least 8 hours or until thoroughly chilled.
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9. Freeze the mixture in your ice cream maker according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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10. While the ice cream is churning, crumble the hardened caramel praline into very little bits, about the size of very large confetti (about 1/2-inch, or 1 cm).
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11. Once your caramel ice cream is churned, quickly stir in the crushed caramel, then chill in the freezer until firm. (I churned my ice cream for 25 minutes then added the caramel pieces and churned for an additional 5 minutes)
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*If you don't have salted butter, you can add 1/8 teaspoon of kosher salt to 4 Tablespoons of unsalted butter to make salted butter.
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Note: As the ice cream sits, the little bits of caramel may liquify and get runny and gooey, which is what they're intended to do.
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Variations:
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Add some strong liquid espresso (or instant espresso powder) to the custard to taste, prior to churning the ice cream to make Coffee-Caramel Ice Cream.
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Other options might be some of the mix-ins in The Perfect Scoop, like gooey Dark Chocolate Truffles, crackly chocolate Straciatella, or Oatmeal Praline folded in at the last minute.
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This is also excellent served with warm Mocha Sauce although it's also excellent melting over sauteed apples or alongside a wedge of apple pie or tarte Tatin for a caramel double-whammy.
